发布时间：2008-04-12 来源：翻译公司 发布者：上海翻译公司

The RAM program is designed to provide surface ships with an effective, low-cost, lightweight, self-defense system which will provide an improved capability to engage and defeat incoming antiship cruise missiles (ASCMs). RAM - a joint US and German project - is an autonomous fire-and-forget inner-layer air defense missile system which will increase the survivability of otherwise undefended ships.


RIM-116 is a 5-inch missile that utilizes SIDEWINDER technology for the warhead and rocket motor, and the STINGER missile seeker. The launching system - a 21-round or a 11-round launcher - and the missiles comprise the weapon system.


RAM（国内翻译为拉姆。RAM是英文“旋转弹体导弹”的缩写）是一种有效的，低成本并且轻便的舰艇防御系统。RAM相对于密集阵系统而言，可以为舰艇提供更好的结合跟踪与防御反舰巡航导弹体系--antiship cruise missiles (ASCMs)。RAM主要由美国和德国（最早应该使用在德国F122 Bremen 布莱梅级导弹驱逐舰上，大家可以查查啊~呵呵）根据研制一种可以全自动，发射后不用管的---fire-and-forget内置式导弹而研制的。


RIM-116弹体5英尺（大概127厘米左右），使用了响尾蛇导弹（SIDEWINDER）的弹头和火箭发动机以及毒刺导弹（STINGER，之前看过新浪军事翻译为超级响尾蛇~ 汗一个！）的导引头（毒刺使用红外/紫外双导引导头）。其发射系统分为21联装和11联装2种。


The RAM Block 0 has a 5-inch diameter airframe that rolls in flight and dual mode, passive radio frequency/infrared (RF/IR) guidance. Initial homing for RAM Block 0 is in RF, using an ASCM's RF seeker emissions. If the ASCM's IR radiation is acquired, RAM transitions to IR guidance.


RAM 0批次弹身长127厘米，采用被动雷达-PF和红外-IR双制导模式旋转飞行。最初的0批次RAM发射后通过被动雷达搜索来袭的反舰巡航导弹。当红外寻地头发现目标后，RAM将转为红外引导模式。


RAM weapon systems are integrated with the AN/SWY-2 combat system on certain ships and as part of the Ship Self Defense System (SSDS) on other ships (LSD-41 class ships at this time). The AN/SWY-2 is comprised of the weapon system and the combat direction system. The combat direction system employs the existing Mk 23 target acquisition system (TAS) radar and the AN/SLQ-32(V) electronic warfare support sensor together with threat evaluation and weapons assignment software resident in the Mk 23 TAS to accomplish threat detection, correlation, evaluation, and engagement. With SSDS, RAM is part of the engagement suite. For example, on LSD 41-class ships, a typical SSDS engagement suite includes RAM, the Phalanx Close-In Weapon System Block 1A, and the decoy launch system. SSDS further integrates the AN/SPS-49(V)1 radar with the medium PRF upgrade, the AN/SPS-67 surface search radar, the AN/SLQ-32(V) sensor, and the CIWS search radar.


RAM武器系统综合了舰艇上的AN/SWY-2 火控系统和点防系统（SSDS）。AN/SWY-2结合和作战系统和火控系统。火控系统使用了现有的MK23目标探测系统（TAS）雷达和AN/ASLQ-32（V）电子支援传感器结合威胁评估和武器分配系统，完成了搜索，评估和锁定。这是RAM点防御系统的一部分~比如在LSD-41级上（注：LSD-41 Whidbey Island class 坞登 Dock landing ship）典型的点防御作战系统包括RAM、密集阵Block 1A型和干扰弹发射系统。SSDS将综合AN/SPS-49(V)1雷达的中期改进型，AN/SPS-67水面搜索雷达，AN/SLQ-32(V)传感器和CIWS(近距离武器系统)的搜索雷。


（测试方面）


Operational Evaluation (OPEVAL) of RAM Block 0 was conducted from January to April 1990. It was assessed to be potentially operationally effective and potentially operationally suitable, but there were shortfalls in its ability to handle, under all environmental and tactical conditions, the full spectrum of threats. In April 1993, a decision was made to pursue rectification of OPEVAL deficiencies by implementing a block upgrade. RAM Block 1 is the upgraded missile.


美国海军对拉姆的评估工作于1990年1月到4月展开，评估显示RAM具有潜在的高效的操纵性和适应性，但是仍有一些不足需要解决，如在恶劣自然环境和高强度的战术干扰条件下，其性能会受到影响。1993年4月，海军提出一个升级批次，寻求改进评估中暴露出的不足。RAM 1批次就是这种改进型导弹。


Effective against a wide spectrum of existing threats, the RAM Block 1 IR upgrade incorporates a new IR "all-the-way-homing" guidance mode to improve AW performance against evolving passive and active ASCMs. The Block 1 missile retains all capabilities of the Block 0 missile while adding two guidance modes, IR only and IR Dual Mode Enable (IRDM). The IR only mode guides on the IR signature of the ASCM. The IRDM will guide on the IR signature of the ASCM while retaining the capability of utilizing RF guidance if the ASCM RF signature becomes adequate to guide on. RAM Block I can be launched in an IR all-the-way mode, as well as the dual mode (passive RF, followed by passive IR) used by Block 0.


为了对抗高强度光谱干扰（红外干扰），RAM 1批次的红外导引头采用了新的混合全程--all-the-way-homing红外引导头。 1批次的RAM在增加了双模寻地模式的同时保留了原先0批次的所有能力。当来袭反舰巡航导弹的红外特征足够强烈的时候，1批次的RAM将使用红外模式全程引导。如果雷达信号足够强烈的时候将使用双模制导-IRDM，也就是0批次的被动雷达/红外制导。


The Block 1 upgrade program was successfully completed in August 1999 with a series of operational tests to demonstrate the system's introduction maturity. In 10 scenarios, real Anti-Ship Missiles and supersonic Vandal target missiles (Mach 2.5) were intercepted and destroyed under realistic conditions. RAM Block 1 achieved first-shot kills on every target in its presented scenarios, including sea-skimming, diving and highly maneuvering profiles in both single and stream attacks.


1批次的RAM在99年8月完成了一系列的评估测试。证实了该系统的成熟。在10次实弹反舰导弹测试中，RAM都成功拦截了以VANDAL靶弹模拟的超音速反舰导弹（注：MQM-8V Vandal 是从RIM-2 Terrier小猎犬舰载防空导弹发展出来最大可以2点5倍音速的靶弹）。在这些拦截中，导弹采用了掠海飞行sea-skimming ；俯冲；和高机动等轨迹的单弹和多弹攻击。RIM均首发命中--first-shot kills。


With these test firings RAM demonstrated its unparalleled success against today's most challenging threats. Cumulatively to date more than 180 missiles have been fired against anti-ship missiles and other targets, achieving a success rate over 95%.


RAM在对抗当今最艰巨的测试中取得了空前的成绩。 总共180枚导弹成功的拦截包括导弹在内的各类型目标。并且达到了95%的命中率！


RAM has been in production since 1989 and is now operational on more than 60 ships of the German and US Navies.


Greece and Korea have also signed procurement contracts, initially for 3 each of the RAM Launching Systems.


RAM自1989年开始投入生产，已经装备了德国和美国海军总计60于艘舰艇。 希腊和韩国也分别采购了3套RAM发射系统。（注：韩国KDX-2驱逐舰）

(Editor：Robert)